Finally, it is theoretically relevant for the philosophical discussion on minimal phenomenal selfhood. It makes straightforward and investigable predictions by claiming that all of these experiences have amodal spatiotemporal hallucinations as their common denominator. By linking dreaming to felt presence, full-body illusions, and autoscopic phenomena such as out-of-body experiences in wakefulness and in the hypnagogic state, the ISTH model of dreaming also helps integrate dream research, both theoretically and experimentally, with the study of other altered states of consciousness involving hallucinations. According to The Mayo Clinic, nightmare disorder, also known as parasomnia, is characterized by undesirable experiences either as you’re falling asleep, during sleep, or as you are waking up. As a commonly accepted definition of dreaming is lacking in current dream research, the ISTH model, which integrates conceptual analysis and epistemological considerations with results from empirical research, is an important contribution to this field. Lucid dreaming is different from sleep hallucinations because in lucid dreams you’re aware that you’re dreaming, in hallucination dreams youre not. However, they can indicate a different health problem. I also argue that the proposed ISTH model of dreaming, in conjunction with considerations on the epistemic relationship between dreaming and dream reports, raises important questions about the extent to which dreams typically involve a detailed body representation-an assumption that plays an important role in philosophical work on dreaming. Similar to hallucination dreams, lucid dreams are not dangerous nor a disorder as such. While empirical research results may, in the future, allow for an extension of the concept of dreaming beyond sleep and possibly even independently of reportability, ISTH is part of any possible extension of this definition and thus is a constitutive condition of dreaming. The Dream of Constantine - Piero della Francesca Saint John the Evangelists Vision of Jerusalem - Alonzo Cano The Nightmare - Henry Fuseli Dreams of. I take these conditions to be both necessary and sufficient for dreaming to arise. The paper proposes a minimal definition of dreaming in terms of immersive spatiotemporal hallucination (ISTH) occurring in sleep or during sleep–wake transitions and under the assumption of reportability.
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